Medically Reviewed by Dr Jackie Lam (M.B.B.S. Singapore)
Fever is one of the most common reasons parents seek medical care for their children. While an occasional fever is usually not a cause for concern, recurrent fevers can be worrisome. When a child experiences multiple fever episodes within a short period, parents often wonder if there is an underlying health issue. Understanding the potential causes, symptoms to watch for, and when to seek medical attention is crucial for ensuring a child’s well-being.
What Causes Recurring Fevers in Children?
Recurring fevers, defined as frequent episodes of fever over weeks or months, can result from various medical conditions. Some causes include:
Viral and Bacterial Infections
Most recurrent fevers in children are due to repeated infections. Young children are particularly susceptible to infections because their immune systems are still developing. Common infections include:
- Respiratory viruses such as the flu, the common cold, or COVID-19.
- Bacterial infections like strep throat, ear infections, or urinary tract infections.
- Gastrointestinal infections, often leading to vomiting and diarrhea along with fever.
Autoimmune and Inflammatory Conditions
Some autoimmune diseases, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), can cause recurring fevers along with other inflammatory symptoms, such as joint pain and rashes.
Undiagnosed Chronic Illnesses
Recurring fevers may also indicate chronic medical conditions, such as tuberculosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or malignancies like leukemia. Although rare, these serious conditions require medical evaluation.
When Should You Be Concerned About Recurring Fevers?
While mild, self-resolving fevers are generally not a concern, certain signs indicate the need for medical attention. Consider seeking a doctor’s advice if:
Fevers Occur Frequently
If a child experiences fevers more than once a month without a clear cause, it is advisable to consult a pediatrician to rule out underlying conditions.
Fevers Are High or Persistent
A fever above 39.5°C (103°F) or one lasting more than three to five days may suggest a more serious infection or inflammatory condition requiring further investigation.
Additional Symptoms Accompany the Fever
Recurring fevers in combination with any of the following symptoms may indicate a serious issue:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent fatigue or weakness
- Severe headaches or neck stiffness
- Skin rashes or joint swelling
- Frequent vomiting or diarrhea
- Swollen lymph nodes that do not go away
Diagnosing the Cause of Recurring Fevers
Doctors will conduct a thorough assessment, starting with a medical history and physical examination. Additional tests may include:
- Blood tests to check for infection, inflammation, or immune system disorders.
- Urine tests to identify urinary tract infections.
- Throat swabs or stool tests if gastrointestinal or throat infections are suspected.
- Imaging scans, such as X-rays or ultrasounds.
Managing and Treating Recurring Fevers
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Some general management strategies include:
Home Care for Symptom Relief
For fevers due to viral infections, supportive care is key. Parents can help ease symptoms by:
- Ensuring the child stays hydrated with plenty of fluids.
- Allowing rest and recovery by keeping them comfortable.
- Using fever-reducing medications, if recommended by a doctor.
Antibiotics for Bacterial Infections
If a bacterial infection is confirmed, antibiotics may be prescribed to eliminate the infection and prevent further fever episodes.
Managing Autoimmune Conditions
Children diagnosed with periodic fever syndromes may require specific treatments, such as corticosteroids or biologic medications, to manage inflammation and prevent recurrent episodes.
Preventing Recurring Fevers in Children
While some causes of recurring fevers are unavoidable, preventive measures can help reduce the frequency of fever episodes.
Keeping Vaccinations Up to Date
Routine childhood immunizations, including the flu vaccine, can help prevent infections that frequently cause fever in children.
Promoting Good Hygiene
Encouraging regular handwashing, avoiding sick individuals, and maintaining a clean environment can help prevent the spread of infections.
Ensuring a Balanced Diet and Proper Nutrition
A well-balanced diet rich in vitamins and nutrients strengthens the immune system and lowers the risk of recurrent infections.
Conclusion
While recurring fevers in children can be distressing for parents, not all cases indicate a serious medical condition. In many instances, repeated fevers result from common infections.
However, when fevers persist, occur frequently, or are accompanied by concerning symptoms, seeking medical attention is essential to rule out underlying health problems. Ensuring children receive appropriate vaccinations, including the flu vaccine, and following preventive health measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of recurring fever episodes.
Schedule a Consultation at Keystone Clinic & Surgery
If your child experiences frequent fevers and you are unsure of the cause, consult the experienced medical team at Keystone Clinic & Surgery. Our team can assess, diagnose, and provide personalised treatment to ensure your child’s health and well-being. Book an appointment today to safeguard your child’s health!
References
Health.harvard.edu. When to Worry About Your Child’s Fever. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/worry-childs-fever-2017072512157
Nuhsplus.edu.sg. When Should You Be Concerned About Your Child’s Fever?. https://www.nuhsplus.edu.sg/article/when-should-you-be-concerned-about-your-childs-fever