Medically Reviewed by Dr Pang Yu Xian (M.B.B.S. Singapore)
Fever is a common and often alarming symptom in children. While it’s the body’s natural response to illness, understanding the possible causes of pediatric fever can help parents and caregivers navigate this concerning condition. This article explores the reasons behind children fever, the accompanying symptoms, and when to seek medical attention.
What is Pediatric Fever?
A fever is typically defined as a temporary increase in body temperature, often due to an illness. For children, a fever is usually considered when the body temperature rises above 100.4°F (38°C). It is essential to note that fever is not an illness itself but rather a sign that the body is fighting off an infection or other underlying condition.
Children’s fever can be caused by various factors, including infections, inflammatory conditions, and even environmental factors. Understanding these causes can help caregivers respond appropriately and provide necessary care.
Common Causes of Pediatric Fever
Infections
Infections are the most common cause of fever in children. These infections can be viral, bacterial, or fungal, and they can affect different parts of the body.
- Viral Infections: Common viruses that can cause fever include influenza, the common cold, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Viral infections often come with other symptoms, such as coughing, sneezing, and body aches.
- Bacterial Infections: While less common than viral infections, bacterial infections can lead to significant illness. Conditions such as strep throat, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections often present with fever. In some cases, bacterial infections can escalate quickly, necessitating medical attention.
- Fungal Infections: Though rarer, fungal infections can also lead to fever, particularly in immunocompromised children.
Immunizations
Fever can sometimes occur after a child receives vaccinations. This is a normal response and is usually mild. Common vaccines that may cause fever include the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine and the DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine.
Parents should be aware that this type of fever generally resolves on its own within a day or two and does not indicate a serious problem.
Teething
Teething can also be associated with mild fever in infants and toddlers. While it’s a common belief that teething causes fever, research indicates that teething may only cause a slight increase in temperature, typically not exceeding 100.4°F (38°C). If a child has a higher fever, it’s essential to consider other causes rather than attributing it solely to teething.
Other Causes of Pediatric Fever
Inflammatory Conditions
Certain inflammatory conditions, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, can cause persistent fevers. These conditions often present with other symptoms, including joint pain and swelling. Parents should monitor their child for any unusual signs or symptoms that may indicate an underlying inflammatory condition.
Heat Exhaustion or Heatstroke
Exposure to high temperatures can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke, especially in hot weather or during intense physical activity. Symptoms may include a high body temperature, confusion, and lethargy. If a child shows signs of heat-related illness, it is crucial to move them to a cooler environment and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Other Medical Conditions
Certain chronic illnesses, such as cancers or autoimmune diseases, can also lead to fever in children. These conditions may present with additional symptoms that require medical evaluation. If a child has recurrent fevers without an apparent cause, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for further investigation.
Symptoms Accompanying Pediatric Fever
Fever often presents with other symptoms that can help indicate the underlying cause. Parents should observe their child for additional signs, which may include:
- Cough or Sore Throat: These symptoms often accompany viral infections.
- Rash: A rash may indicate a specific viral infection, such as measles or chickenpox.
- Vomiting or Diarrhea: Gastrointestinal infections can lead to fever along with these symptoms.
- Lethargy or Irritability: Increased fussiness or lack of energy can be concerning, particularly in younger children.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most fevers in children are not serious and resolve on their own, there are instances when medical attention is necessary. Parents should seek immediate care if their child:
- Is less than three months old and has a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.
- Has a fever lasting more than three days.
- Exhibits severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, or severe headache.
- Shows signs of dehydration, such as decreased urination or dry mouth.
- Appears unusually lethargic or irritable.
Managing Pediatric Fever at Home
Parents can manage mild fevers at home with the following strategies:
- Monitor Temperature: Regularly check your child’s temperature to track any changes.
- Keep Them Comfortable: Dress your child in lightweight clothing, use a light blanket to prevent overheating and using cold compresses can all help with your child’s fever.
- Hydration: Encourage your child to drink fluids to stay hydrated, especially if they are sweating or have a reduced appetite.
- Medications: Over-the-counter medications such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and alleviate discomfort. However, always consult with a healthcare provider before administering any medication.
Conclusion
Understanding the possible causes of pediatric fever is crucial for parents and caregivers. While fever is often a normal response to infection, recognizing when to seek medical attention can help ensure your child’s well-being.
From infections to immunizations, the reasons behind children’s fever can vary widely. By observing accompanying symptoms and managing fever appropriately at home, parents can provide comfort and care to their little ones.
Always consult a healthcare provider if you have concerns about your child’s health, especially if their fever persists or is accompanied by worrying symptoms. Being informed and proactive is the best way to safeguard your child’s health.
Keep Your Child Healthy—Schedule a Consultation at Keystone Clinic & Surgery Today!
Don’t let fever leave you feeling uncertain about your child’s health. At Keystone Clinic & Surgery, our experienced healthcare professionals are dedicated to providing you with the guidance and support you need.
If your child is experiencing a fever or you have concerns about their symptoms, schedule a consultation with us today. We’re here to help you understand the causes of pediatric fever and ensure your child receives the best care possible. Your child’s health is our priority—reach out now to book your appointment!
References
Hopkinsmedicine.org. Fever in Children. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/fever-in-children
Mayoclinic.org. Fever. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759
NIH.gov. Fever in Children. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279455/