Medically Reviewed by Dr Jackie Lam (M.B.B.S. Singapore)
As a parent, it’s understandably concerning when your child frequently experiences fevers. While the occasional fever is a normal part of childhood, recurring fevers can sometimes signal an underlying issue.
Understanding the possible causes of recurring fevers can help you address the issue with confidence and seek the necessary treatment. This article explores the potential causes, common triggers, and when to seek medical advice regarding your child’s fever.
What is a Fever and Why Does It Happen?
A fever is generally defined as a temporary increase in body temperature, often due to an illness, where body temperature is above T>38 degrees celsius.
When your child has a fever, it is typically a sign that their immune system is fighting an infection.
Fevers often occur in response to viral or bacterial infections, but they can also be caused by other health conditions. For parents wondering about children’s fever, it’s essential to note that a fever itself is usually not dangerous but rather a symptom of another condition.
Common Causes of Recurring Fevers in Children
Viral Infections
One of the most common reasons for recurrent fevers in children is viral infections. Viruses like the flu, colds, or more severe ones like COVID-19 or hand, foot, and mouth disease can cause fever. These infections tend to cause fever that can come and go over several days, often accompanied by other symptoms such as coughing, runny nose, and fatigue.
Common viral causes of fever include:
- Influenza
- RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
- COVID-19
- Ear infections
- Chickenpox
- Colds
These infections are usually self-limiting, meaning they resolve on their own with supportive care. However, if the fever persists for more than a few days, medical attention may be necessary to rule out more severe conditions.
Bacterial Infections
While viral infections are a more frequent cause of fevers, bacterial infections can also lead to recurring fevers. Conditions such as strep throat, urinary tract infections (UTIs), or pneumonia can cause a fever that comes back intermittently as the body tries to combat the infection.
Some bacterial infections that may cause recurrent fevers include:
- Strep throat
- Ear infections
- Pneumonia
- UTIs
- Meningitis
Bacterial infections typically require antibiotic treatment, and if left untreated, they can lead to more serious health complications. If your child’s fever persists or worsens, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider promptly.
Teething
Teething is a natural process that all babies go through. As new teeth break through the gums, some children may experience mild fevers. While the fever associated with teething is usually low-grade and resolves quickly, some parents notice that their child’s fever returns during different stages of teething.
Autoimmune Diseases
In some cases, recurring fevers in children may be linked to autoimmune conditions where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. Conditions like juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or lupus can cause recurring fevers as a symptom of inflammation in the body.
These conditions tend to cause persistent or intermittent fever along with other symptoms, such as joint pain or a rash. Diagnosing autoimmune diseases typically involves blood tests and a comprehensive evaluation by a specialist.
Allergic Reactions
Allergies can also cause recurring fevers in some children, especially if they are exposed to allergens like pollen, mold, or pet dander. These fevers usually come with other symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and watery eyes.
If a child is frequently exposed to certain allergens, it’s important to identify and minimize the triggers. In some cases, an allergy specialist may perform tests to pinpoint the exact cause.
Chronic Infections or Inflammatory Conditions
Chronic infections, such as tuberculosis (TB) or chronic sinusitis, can cause fevers that come and go. In addition, inflammatory conditions such as Kawasaki disease or periodic fever syndromes can result in recurring fevers in children.
Kawasaki disease, for example, is an inflammatory condition that primarily affects children under 5 years old and is characterized by fever lasting more than five days, red eyes, rash, and swollen hands or feet. This is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.
When Should You Be Concerned About Your Child’s Fever?
While mild fevers in children are often harmless and resolve on their own, recurring fevers can sometimes indicate a more serious underlying condition. If your child’s fever lasts for more than a few days, or if it is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s time to seek medical advice.
You should contact a healthcare provider if:
- The fever lasts for more than three days
- The fever is unusually high (above 104°F or 40°C)
- The child experiences difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, or a stiff neck
- There is a rash or bruising
- The child is excessively drowsy, irritable, or unresponsive
- You suspect a bacterial infection
Diagnosis and Treatment
To diagnose the cause of recurring fevers, a pediatrician will typically begin with a detailed medical history and physical exam. They may also order tests such as:
- Blood tests to check for specific infections or autoimmune conditions
- Urine samples to test for UTIs
- Imaging tests such as X-rays to check for pneumonia or other conditions
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the fever. For viral infections, supportive care such as hydration and fever-reducing medications like acetaminophen may be recommended. If a bacterial infection is detected, antibiotics will likely be prescribed. In the case of chronic or more complex conditions, referral to a specialist may be necessary for further treatment.
Preventing Recurring Fevers
While not all fevers can be prevented, there are steps you can take to minimize the risk of infections and reduce the frequency of recurring fevers in children:
- Encourage regular handwashing to reduce the spread of germs
- Keep up with vaccinations, which protect against serious viral and bacterial infections
- Avoid exposure to known allergens
- Ensure your child receives adequate rest, hydration, and a healthy diet to support their immune system
Conclusion
Recurring fevers in children can be worrying, but they are often manageable once the underlying cause is identified. From common viral infections to more complex autoimmune conditions, understanding why your child frequently experiences fever can guide you toward the appropriate treatment.
If your child’s fever persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider to ensure the best possible care for your child’s health.
If you’re concerned about your child’s recurring fevers or need a consultation to better understand their symptoms, Keystone Clinic & Surgery is here to help. Our team of experienced pediatricians offers thorough assessments and personalized treatment plans for children’s health issues. Contact us today for more information or to schedule an appointment.
References
PMC.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Recurrent Fever in Children. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4848904/#:~:text=When%20investigating%20recurrent%20fever%2C%20the,%2C%20pharyngitis%2C%20otitis%20media).
Clevelandclinic.org. Recurrent Fever Syndromes (Formerly Known as Periodic Fever Syndromes). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17354-periodic-fever-syndrome
Aafp.org. Recurrent Fevers in Children: Differential Diagnosis. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0215/p863.html
PMC.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Approach to Recurrent Fever in Childhood. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5638471/